Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can cause serious illness and even death in susceptible individuals. There are a variety of vaccines available as influenza therapeutics, but many people do not receive the required vaccination each year. Furthermore, vaccines may be ineffective some years, because the immune systems of the most vulnerable populations are already compromised. Therefore, passive immunization therapies using broadly neutralizing antibodies are an excellent therapeutic option. Unfortunately, such therapies are not available because of the cost and technical complexity of administration via intravenous infusion. The program will support the advanced development of novel antivirals, and antibody combinations that target multiple types of influenza.
The disease
causes considerable workday loss and human suffering. The most recent season of
influenza recorded by the CDC documented an estimated 24,000 to 62,000 deaths.
Young children were more likely to be infected with the virus than older
adults. The mortality rate was highest among infants and the elderly. The CDC
recommends antiviral medications to treat influenza.
Although the
immune response to influenza depends on the cellular defenses against these
viruses, a lack of these effectors can lead to an increased risk of disease.
Nonetheless, infected cells show viral peptides ranging from eight to twelve
amino acids long that bind HLA and class I glycoproteins. Moreover, the virus
HA is conserved among all strains of influenza, which makes it difficult for a
phagocytic activity to be inhibited. The primary method of prevention is yearly
influenza vaccination. But bacterial complications of influenza can occur. As a
result, vaccination with the virus is the only sure way to prevent the
infection.
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In addition to
being highly infectious, influenza can be life-threatening. While some cases of
the disease are self-limiting, children can become seriously ill and require
hospital treatment. Tamiflu is a common medicine that can be used as an influenza
therapeutics. It's safe and effective for those who have the disease for a few
days. But it's not the only way to get the flu.