There are two types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, that both perform kidney functions, filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. Hemodialysis (HD) is a procedure where a dialysis machine and a special filter called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer, are used to clean your blood. In hemodialysis, blood is pumped out of the body to an artificial kidney machine and then returned to the body. While, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used to treat kidney failure that uses the lining of the abdomen, or belly, to filter the blood.
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Peritoneal
dialysis removes waste and extra fluid through the blood vessels that line the
walls of your abdomen. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are used to remove
excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with
kidney failure. Hemodialysis has a higher dialysis efficacy and better capacity
control compared to peritoneal dialysis (PD), but a greater impact on
hemodynamics and an increased tendency to bleed. However, peritoneal dialysis is
done more continuously compared to hemodialysis.
According
to the U.S. National Kidney Foundation guidelines, one should start dialysis
when kidney function drops to 15% or less, or if they have severe symptoms due
to kidney diseases, such as muscle cramps, fatigue, vomiting, or shortness of
breath. The average life expectancy on dialysis is 5-10 years, however, many
patients have lived for 20 or even 30 years.