A blood glucose sensor is used for laboratory analysis. In some cases, the blood sugar levels are so high that the patient cannot eat or drink anything for a long period. This is why point-of-care testing (POCT) is the most commonly used method to measure blood glucose levels in outpatient and inpatient settings. Most POCT devices use a disposable, screen-printed enzyme electrode test strip that contains redox mediators and electrochemical cells. The patient inserts the strip into a meter and a small drop of capillary blood is applied to the strip. The result is an instantaneous reading of glucose.
The resulting metabolite is a mixture of glucose and a
variety of other molecules, which interact with the glucose sensor to give it a
false reading. A glucose sensor based on this principle works by measuring the
concentration of a compound in the blood that can interfere with the enzyme's
ability to detect glucose. The presence of an electrochemical interference in
the blood can cause a falsely high reading when it is not caused by glucose
alone. The interfering molecule donates electrons to the sensor at a higher
concentration than it needs to be. The FDA suggested a list of standard
interferons: acetaminophen, salicylic acid, tetracycline, dopamine, L-DOPA, and
ephedrine.
In regions such as the U.S., the increasing prevalence
of diabetes has increased the usage of glucose sensors. For instance,
according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 34
million U.S. residents suffer from diabetes. A glucose sensor should be placed
at least four centimeters from the skin. The sensor should be placed where the
skin is covered and should be as close to the body as possible. When it is not,
the blood glucose level may be inaccurate. This means that it is better to use
a glucometer. A glucose sensor is attached to the upper arm of the patient. It
is often placed on the upper arm. Unlike a fingertip, it will not be attached
to the skin. It is attached to the upper arm and is often very easy to use.
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