Biodefense refers to the employment of medical or military measures to protect people against bioterrorism, such as medications and immunizations, as well as research and public health preparedness. Several bioscience laboratories, agricultural managers, customs agents, and other parties have implemented a variety of processes and systems to prevent the use of dangerous pathogens and toxins, such as the imposition of pathogen research regulations or the enhancement of contingency plans in the event of a hostile disease outbreak.
The purposeful release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs with the goal of inflicting sickness or death is referred to as a bioterrorism attack. In light of recent natural epidemics (SARS and avian influenza) and biological assaults (USA anthrax attack, 2001), two forms of epidemics peculiar to biological attacks may be identified: the epidemic of infectious illness and the epidemic of fear and terror. When letters carrying Bacillus anthracis were distributed within the country during the anthrax bioterrorism incident in the United States in 2001, it showed the actual magnitude of the fear and panic epidemic. According to the CDC, 22 persons were diagnosed with B. anthracis infection, five of them died, and over 32,000 people were treated with antibiotics, all while a tremendous panic and dread pandemic swept the whole US population.
On December 31, 2019, a Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic was first detected in Wuhan, China. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 a pandemic. According to the World Health Organization's Coronavirus (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update, about 182 million cases and 3.95 million fatalities due to coronavirus illness (COVID-19) were documented globally till July 2, 2021.