In a healthy human body, microbial cells outweigh human cells by a factor of ten. The study of microorganisms found in the human body is known as the human microbiome. These are helpful microorganisms that execute activities that no gene in human DNA can, and as a result, they serve a critical role in the human body. These bacteria, for example, generate vitamins that our bodies are unable to produce, break down our food, train our immune system to detect dangerous foreign invaders, and produce anti-inflammatory chemicals to combat them. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), started by the National Institutes of Health in 2008, discovered the microbial population's apparently endless beneficial qualities (NIH). The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) aims to describe the human microbiome and investigate its role in human health and illness.
The Human Microbiome Project has found microbiome communities in the gastrointestinal system, skin, mouth cavity, nasal passages, and urogenital tract. The HMP studies are now focusing on three areas: pregnancy and preterm delivery, beginning inflammatory bowel disease, and type 2 diabetes onset.
Based on the technologies employed in this sector, the human microbiome may also be studied. Cell culture technology, high-throughput technology, omics technology, and computational tools are among these technologies. Instruments (analyzers and other laboratory instruments) and consumables are utilized in research (kits and reagents).
Immunity, nutrition, and other functions are boosted by the human microbiome. A high prevalence of C. difficile infection is predicted to increase demand for antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics, resulting in market expansion. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most frequent healthcare-associated diseases in the United States, impacting over 500,000 people and causing over 29,000 deaths each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to a 2015 research published in the Clinical Infectious Disease Journal, CDI is responsible for around 25% to 33% of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and 90% of pseudomembranous enteritis.