Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. The symptoms include coughing, slow, reduced, or zero milk intake during feeding, slow to rise at feeding time, cloudy or thick nasal discharge, visible discharge in either or both eyes, droopy ears, and noticeable shake or tilt to the calf's head. BRD is the most devastating disease of the U.S. cattle population. In an analysis of 20 years' data of the US Meat Animal Research Center involving 43,739 calves, 10.5% were diagnosed with BRD.
Many experimental challenge trials have demonstrated that intranasal vaccines for bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus are efficacious. The vaccine recommended for bovine respiratory disease treatment is INFORCE 3, an intranasal respiratory vaccine. It is used for the vaccination of healthy cattle, including pregnant cows, to help protect against respiratory disease caused by a bovine respiratory syncytial virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and parainfluenza 3. The vaccines are very helpful in controlling the disease, they cannot eliminate the disease. The use of antibiotics to treat BRD is often necessary to prevent severe illness and to control the disease.
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